Application of the Law of Mechanics to the analysis of rotational motion
Previously, we have reviewed the rotational motion from the standpoint of the Law of Mechanics. At that time, our attention was focused on the rotational motion of celestial bodies with gravity, that is, self-rotation under the action of the absorbed ether.
The main distinguishing feature of this rotation is the absence of centrifugal forces. Centrifugal forces do not occur on the surfaces of celestial bodies rotating around their own axis, as the ether surrounding them rotates synchronously with them. This ether is driven by the heavenly bodies themselves, as they absorb ether producing gravity.
But for celestial bodies that do not have gravity, the situation is completely different.
During the rotation of such bodies the centrifugal force is produced, because rotation occurs in still air.
In this article will review this, the most common type of rotational motion — the rotation of bodies in a stationary ether.
In this case, the ether does not rotate with the body and therefore the body experiences centrifugal forces. Centrifugal forces are caused by the acceleration of body parts relative to the ether.
Accelerations of parts of the body are directed to the axis of rotation and therefore are called centripetal accelerations. And since the atoms of a solid body move with acceleration relative to the fixed ether, the mechanical forth is applied to atoms of the body from stationary ether .
Our model of the structure of substance which corresponds to the mechanism of ether seeping through internal atomic gaps, how it is described here, is considered in the section devoted to the structure of substance.
In the type of rotational motion under consideration, accelerations exist even if the rotation occurs at a constant angular velocity; these accelerations occur due to a constant change in the direction of the ether flow inside the body.
Rotational motion is the simplest example of the interaction of the body only with ether, and nothing but ether.
In the case of free rotation, the body does not interact with other bodies, and this circumstance drives Newtonian mechanics into paralysis. According to Newtonian mechanics, forces arise only as a result of interactions between bodies. And since there is no interaction of bodies, it is impossible to apply Newton’s Third law, and there are problems with the Second law also.
Organized science does not know what to do with the centrifugal force that occurs during rotational movements. Centrifugal force even declare a fictitious, conditionally introduced, as it is directed against centripetal acceleration, which creates it. The problem here is the fundamental incorrectness of Newton’s Second law, according to which the force coincides in the direction with the acceleration given to the body. That is, Newton’s Second law could hypothetically recognize the existence of only a ”centripetal force”, which would correspond to the centripetal acceleration, but such a force somehow does not arise independently…
For an unbiased mind, it is enough to analyze the explanations of rotational motion given by the Law of Mechanics to ascertain that Newton’s laws are inadequate.
According to the Law of Mechanics, the forces exerted to the bodies during acceleration of the ether relative to the bodies; and the direction of the force coincides with the direction of the acceleration of the ether, and that happens in case of rotation.
The limitation of Newton’s Second law is that it applies only to rectilinear movements, and only to accelerated movements (that is, movements with increasing speed). As soon as braking occurs and the force of inertia takes effect, Newton’s second law becomes unusable. Therefore, ” inertial and non-inertial reference systems “were invented, and the force of inertia fell into the category of “fictitious” forces, whatever that means…
With accelerated rectilinear motion, the body is in contact with another (accelerating, pushing or pulling) body, and therefore there is an illusion that the force arises from the action of this accelerating body. But in the case of rotational motion, the interacting (second) body is not available, and yet the force (centrifugal) occurs. (Do not be in a hurry to be indignant about the “illusion”, an explanation of this heresy will be given in due time.)
We supplement an explanation of the centrifugal forces of rotational motion given by the Law of Mechanics by simple mathematics.
The formula of centripetal acceleration of body parts in the case of rotational motion is derived from geometric analysis:
a = w2r
(The text editor of this site does not allow to insert mathematical formulas, so the formulas will be translated into images and added to the text later.)
That is, according to the geometry, all particles of the body are accelerated towards the axis of rotation, and for each individual particle of the body, the centripetal acceleration is equal to the product of the square of the angular velocity of rotation of the body (w2) by the distance to the axis of rotation (r).
The acceleration of the body through the ether is equivalent to the acceleration of the ether through the body in the opposite direction. Therefore, the force applied to the body is directed in the opposite direction from the centripetal acceleration of the body parts. Thus, the centripetal acceleration of the body turns into a centrifugal force applied to the body.
By the same way materialized the force of inertia during rectilinear movements — the force of inertia is always directed opposite to the acceleration of the body (the direction of increasing the speed of the body).
To paraphrase, the force of inertia always coincides with the direction of the body’s deceleration.
Typically, accelerations are understood as both types of changes in the velocity of the body. Both the increase and decrease in speed are called accelerations, which differ only in signs (positive or negative).
But the Law of Mechanics specifies that true acceleration (increase in speed) leads to the emergence of forces directed against the movement of the body. A slowdown causes the force coinciding with the direction of movement of the body.
So, to sum up:
From the point of view of the Law of Mechanics, the centrifugal force is the only real force acting on the body in the case of uniform rotational motion.
Here we will interrupt the review of rotational motion, as the logic of presentation will require us to switch to other questions.
35. Gyroscope as detector of a true reference frame
The gyroscope confirms the view of the Law of Mechanics on the structure of space.
In the beginning we define the terms:
All over this article, the term “space” can be replaced with “frame of reference”, and vice versa.
The space, which is fixed relative to the stars, we call absolute space or absolute reference frame, which is equivalent.
The space in which the Earth’s observers operate and all experiments are carried out, we will call the real Earth space, or the Earth’s reference frame.
The main property of a free gyroscope (a gyroscope that is not affected by external forces): the main axis of the gyroscope keeps the direction in space unchanged regardless of the movement of the base. It is this property that we are interested in, since it allows us to determine what in any situation is a true reference frame (real space).
So if the space is stationary relative to the gyroscope, then the gyroscope axis of rotation must remain stationary in any position it was set. If the space moves relative to the gyroscope, or gyroscope moves relative to space, the gyroscope axis of rotation should repeat all the movements of space – which, as noted above, is the main property of the free gyroscope.
In order to understand the argumentation of the Law of Mechanics, one need first to familiarize yourself with the description of the structure of space presented in the sections “Fundamentals of space Mechanics”, “Gravity and the structure of celestial bodies”, and in other articles presented on this site.
Briefly, from the point of view of the Law of Mechanics, the real local space anywhere in the universe is the free ether.
Free ether is a discrete gaseous matter, the size of particles (grains) of which is vanishingly small compared to elementary particles of matter, which in turn, themselves consist of grains of ether condensed into a solid phase.
The ether, which absorbed by the Earth forms a vortex. This vortex is our space, and it is curved in the form of the earth’s surface and it is rotating synchronously with the Earth.
Space (local reference frame) in this case is the ether adjacent to the area of the Earth’s surface, on which all experiments with gyroscopes are carried out. That is, the gyroscope retains the position of its axis of rotation relative to a given place on the Earth (more precisely, relative to the ether of near-earth space).
Therefore, the gyroscope axis of rotation changes its position relative to the absolute space (fixed stars), as it makes daily revolutions with the Earth. Daily revolutions have a speed of 15° per hour (360°/24 hours), such gyroscope’s rotation relative to the Earth would be very easy to detect if it existed.
Simultaneously with the daily rotation, the gyroscope axis changes its position relative to the absolute interstellar space, by making annual revolutions together with the Earth. If such changes in the position of the gyroscope relative to the Earth would exist in reality, they would also be quite detectable (angular velocity is almost 1° degree per day).
Thus, the bases of gyroscopes together with the Earth make a complex rotational movement, following a double spiral relative to interstellar space. The gyroscope’s rotation axes precisely repeat this movement, as if the real Earth space was tied to a particular point on the Earth’s surface.
In other words: gyroscopes ignore fixed interstellar space (absolute space). Gyroscopes move relative to this fixed abstract space as if it does not exist, without interacting with it at all.
Based on the above, it can be concluded that the Gyroscope is a device that allows to determine the real reference system with respect to which material objects move (i.e., the gyroscope allows to detect the position, movement and even the shape of the reference frame).
The conclusions made by analysis of a gyroscope’s behaviour:
Conclusion 1. The statement that the space (reference frame), with respect to which the gyroscope retains the direction of its axis of rotation, is fixed relative to distant stars — contradicts the observed facts. That is, attempts to detect the movement of the Earth relative to the assumed stationary interstellar ether were doomed to failure. In order to come to this conclusion, it is enough simply to consider the behaviour of the gyroscope. In other words: the hypothesis of motionless ether, which physicists adhered to in the past, does not correspond to reality.
Conclusion 2. True space moves synchronously with the movement of the Earth’s surface on which experiments with the gyroscope are conducted. The gyroscopes, as well as all other material objects being on Earth and in near-earth space, exist in this moving real space.
This conclusion coincides with the statement of the Law of Mechanics that every celestial body possessing its own gravity forms a rotating etheric vortex around itself, which is the local reference system.
Here we will make a small digression from the topic of gyroscopes and talk about space. How space behaves from the point of view of the Law of Mechanics, we have just reviewed. And now, for comparison, let’s see how space is understood by organized physics.
For example: a typical Orthodox depiction of the behaviour of gyroscopes, and gyroscope’s reaction to the rotation of the Earth. Figure taken from the description of the principle of the gyrocompass. https://maritime.org/doc/gyromk14/index.htm
That is, – the rotation of the gyroscope relative to the Earth is presented as the real observed fact.
In reality, this is not so. Nothing like this happens with gyroscopes. But the fact of the falsehood is not as interesting as the perception of reality that is behind the advent of this fabrication. The story of observing the rotation of the Earth with a gyroscope appeared in 1851 due to Leon Foucault. Since then, this false information has acquired the status of truth as a result of numerous repetitions. Methods of propaganda are universal…
Foucault conducted experiments with gyroscopes after his well-known performances with pendulums. It is possible that he was sincerely mistaken, attributing the changes of plane oscillations of pendulums coincidence with the Earth’s rotation. He just wanted to see what he believed in. But that does not do credit to his scientific scrupulousness. As for his numerous followers, they have demonstrated the blind faith in the authorities.
In the case of Foucault’s pendulum and the free gyroscope, we have an example of how experiments, if honestly interpreted, should have served to disprove the relevant hypotheses, but as a result of falsification became their confirmation. In this particular case, forgery has been going on for one hundred and seventy years.
It is sad to admit that the absurdity of the ideas of official science about the surrounding space is not obvious to everyone, and it must be demonstrated.
We will mention only a few nonsenses that science does not notice in the model of the universe promoted by it, in which the myth of the rotation of the Earth in a fixed absolute space occupies a fundamental role.
If the Earth were rotated relative to a fixed space, Foucault’s pendulums would have a period of rotation of the oscillation plane close to 24 hours, and this rotation would have a direction opposite to the rotation of the Earth. The difference in the positions of the pendulums in latitude would only lead to changes in the shape of the dependence of the rotation of the oscillation plane, but the period of rotation of the oscillation plane for any latitude should remain unchanged – one day. Arguments about the influence of Coriolis force leading to an increase in the period of rotation of the pendulum are outright speculation, since no Coriolis force at the pendulum suspension point can arise, and even more so, – it could not affect the rotation of the swing plane. The pendulum suspension point is the only place in which the pendulum interacts with the Earth, all other parts of the pendulum (in vacuum) interact only with the space in which, even if we assume its immobility, no Coriolis force can arise.
Moreover, with the rotation of the Earth relative to the fixed immediate space, it would be impossible to have any pendulum resting in balance on the Earth. Since any sufficiently long pendulum would constantly experience deviations in the direction of a fixed reference frame.
The fluctuations of the plane of oscillations of pendulums and gyroscopic axes of rotation would be affected not only by the daily but also by the annual circulation of the Earth, plus the movement of the Sun. So as a result, the movement of these devices would be very chaotic and resting pendulums would not exist. Also it would be impossible for gyroscopes remain fixed relative to the Earth in an arbitrary position. As the result, there would be not possible to use gyroscopes for orientation purposes, as it is done in reality.
Newton introduced the concept of gravity in part to answer the ages-old question: “Why don’t we fall off the Earth if the Earth is spinning?” The issue with the absence of falling was solved, but remained in the shadows the problem with inertia, which was not resolved. Popular science has not resolved unambiguously the concept of Inertia, as also the space, which is now invented many varieties. The space continues to be assumed to be fixed relative to the stars in all experiments related to the rotation of the Earth (such as Michelson – Morley, Canterbury Ring Laser or Gravity Probe).
For rectilinear motions, which always have arbitrary directions, a fixed absolute space is not a self-evident problem. Inertia in these cases is instantaneous and is always opposite to the direction of acceleration, so the reaction of a stationary absolute space is difficult to distinguish from the reaction of space moving with the Earth’s surface.
It is quite another matter in the case of rotational motions, here the body tends to maintain the direction of its axis of rotation relative to space. Therefore the time of inertial interaction of the body with space is not limited (much longer) than it is in the case of rectilinear accelerations.
As noted in the section “Application of the Law of Mechanics for the analysis of rotational motion” – rotational motion is the simplest example of the interaction of a body only with space, and nothing but space. This long-term interaction allows us to discover the true position of space in relation to the rotating body. And it is evident that space does not change its position in relation to gyroscopes for an indefinitely long time. That is, the true space in which the gyroscope operates moves with it completely synchronously.
Analysis of the behaviour of real bodies leads to the only possible logical conclusion: gravity forms our space and this space is dynamic. Any attempt to consider space as static leads to absurdity. Space is dynamic, that is, moves together with the specific point of the near-earth volume, only such an organization of space can ensure the immobility of space relative to the processes taking place in the sphere of Earth’s gravity.
Here we have another example of a dialectical pair: dynamic – stationary (mobile – motionless). The immobility of the space of the earth observer can only be provided by space that moves synchronously with the observer.
Well, for the sake of humour it can be mentioned “the theory of stationary Earth”, which has received quite widespread popularity in recent years. Paradoxically it sounds, but the belief in stationary Earth is generated by modern science. Since the progress achieved in technology makes it easy to reproduce fairly accurate experiments and verify claims of the official science. In particular, experiments with gyroscopes and pendulums.
It is worth to praise stationary-earthers for their enthusiasm for the experiments and for perseverance in the combat with obvious fictions, which are prevailing in the physical consciousness of society. It is a pity that stationary-earther’s are seeking the answers to their legitimate questions in the same philosophical impasse in which all were directed by the dominant paradigm.
Supporters of stationary Earth conclude that the Earth is motionless. And this conclusion is absolutely true, but incomplete: the Earth is motionless relative to the moving space. To accept the reality by taught mind is difficult, the obstacle is the “taughtness” – the state of been trained. (Real disaster from being trained…)
The organized science is absolutely helpless in a dispute with supporters of the stationary Earth; by its illogical answers it only delivers arguments helping to support idea of the motionless Earth. The problem lies in the understanding of space by classical physics as an absolute and fixed frame of reference. Even relativists talking about curvature of space do not encroach on its static nature, and if they talk about the dynamism of space-time, it is still space tied to the absolute reference system.
Only the Law of Mechanics defines space as a real local material formation consisting of eternally moving free ether. This representation of space provides answers to totally fair questions that some are trying to resolve with the help of the insane hypothesis of stationary Earth. The behaviour of gyroscopes is very clearly explained by the Law of Mechanics, so “and yet it moves”…
But in one subject stationary Earth supporters are absolutely right – gyroscopes do not prove the rotation of the Earth. Neither gyroscopes nor Foucault’s pendulums can prove the rotation of the Earth, they are not suitable for it (at least in the form as it implied by organized science). Gyroscopes prove something completely different – the rotation of space together with the Earth.
In conclusion, three questions relevant to our topic:
1) If space moves synchronously with the Earth, what makes Foucault’s pendulum change the plane of its rotation?
As we have already noted, the Earth’s space is very curved. Its shape near the Earth’s surface is close to spherical, repeating the shape of the Earth. Such a complex form is created by the motion of gravitational ether flows, that is, the curvature of space is not static, but dynamic. Space is constantly moving. The Earth is forced to repeat all the movements of space, and since the Earth is a solid body, there are always local discrepancies between the shape and velocities of the flows of space (ether) and the shape and velocities of the areas of the Earth’s surface. These speed differences produce changes of the plane of swing of pendulums, and the axes of the gyroscopes. Such fluctuations can be both chaotic and periodic, such as tides.
2) How do optical gyroscopes detect the rotation of the Earth?
As we have already discussed, if the space would be motionless relative to the stars, the gyroscope located on the Earth would make turns relative to this space with the period of rotation of the Earth. Accordingly, the signal of the gyroscope installed on the Ground should be periodic (with a period of 24 hours). The same applies to the signals of laser gyroscopes; they would also have to have a period of 24 hours. In fact, there are no large periodic signals, and only small chaotic noise signals in the form of shifts relative to the mean value. That is, gyroscopes both mechanical and optical work in full accordance with the Law of Mechanics.
The Sagnac effect was originally discovered in the experiment with a rotating platform relative to the Earth back in 1913. And here the Galileo’s principle of relativity, or rather blind faith experimenters in the validity of this principle, played a cruel joke with the experimenters. They believed that the rotation of the platform is equivalent to the rotation of the Earth, and this illusion still prevails in the minds of scientists. They tried and try to detect the shift of fixed to the Earth interferometers. It’s a fruitless effort, because by this arrangement it is possible to detect only a small distortion of space (tides, differential rotation, super-rotation, shifts of poles, etc.).
But in contrast, the rotational motion of interferometers relative to the Earth is very easy to detect.
It is simply required to overcome prejudices and accept reality. Nevertheless, all these researchers have done a tremendous job to increase the accuracy of the experiments, which only confirms the almost perfect match of the shape and motion of the Earth with the shape and motion of the ether.
One can only wonder at the amazing blindness of these talented experimenters “standing on the shoulders of giants” and led by blind prophets.
Absolutely identical situation is observed with mechanical gyroscopes, as we have already discussed at the beginning of the article – the shift of the axis of rotation of the free gyroscope fixed relative to the Earth can not be detected, but the movement relative to the Earth with the most microscopic angular velocities immediately leads to shifts in the axis of rotation, and the resistance in the axes of rotation of the gyroscope suspension somehow in this case does not interfere with the effect. The space simply rotates the Earth.
3) Does the work of gyroscopic compasses prove the fact of rotation of the Earth relative to space (reference system)?
Gyroscopes in “pure form” as we have considered do not react to the rotation of the Earth explicitly. But the question remains related to gyrocompasses, how could these devices track the direction of rotation of the Earth to the poles?
First, the function of gyrocompasses is fundamentally different from the supposed ability of gyroscopes to follow the rotation of the Earth relative to absolute space. Moreover, if gyroscopes had this ability, it would not be possible to talk about using them as gyrocompasses in the form in which they exist now. Since the nature of the gyroscope reaction to the change of position relative to the Earth’s surface would be different, instead of a smooth follow-up direction to the Meridian, the gyroscope would make a complex rotational movement with a period of one day, superimposed on the rotation with a period of one year.
Second, gyroscopes in gyrocompasses have a limitation in the degree of freedom, which makes them different from the free gyroscopes that we consider in this article.
The topic of gyrocompasses is very interesting by itself, but it would lead us away from the main goal of this article – to show that sometimes simple mechanical devices can give an answer to the most complex questions of the structure of the universe. It is only necessary to follow the logic of rational thinking and common sense honestly and impartially.
The Law of Mechanics 