Structure, Mechanics and Evolution of Galaxies.
The ubiquitous law of conversion of quantitative changes into qualitative…
The gradual deceleration of the rotation of a large star leads to a slowdown in the rotation of the gravitational ether vortex. Before the vortex provided stable rotation of the star due to the balance of acceleration and deceleration acting simultaneously to the core of the star (see section on tachocline).
But as the speed of rotation of the star decreases, the ratio between the speeds of rotation of the ether in the polar and equatorial regions of the stars changes. The predominance of the equatorial velocity gradually becomes negligibly small. Now those velocities are practically equal.
Superstar almost does not rotate.
The ether in the equatorial regions moves nearly vertically, with a very small tangential component, which leads to the appearance of inhibitory forces opposing accelerations. All these processes can be classified as internal, relating mostly to central star itself.
But there are also external processes related to the system around the star. Qualitative changes are also taking place here. While the growth of the central star has stopped, the growth of the planets within its system continues. Finally, there comes a situation when the gravitational balance within the star system is shifted towards an ensemble of planets that have grown to the size of competing with the size of the central star.
As a result, the star is capsized; its axis of rotation lies down in the plane of the Ecliptic of the former star system. This process is quite smooth, as there is a simultaneous change in the position of the axis of rotation of the star and of the ether vortex, which provides this rotation. According to the Law of Mechanics, the star will experience internal stresses only in cases when there are accelerations of the ether inside it. So the star itself is not deeply affected by the rotation axis of the rotation by 90 degrees.
But you can imagine that for the satellites of the star such a restructuring is equal to a universal catastrophe. In any case, the world around them, to put it mildly, ceases to be the same. The resulting galactic structure has a very stable orientation in space, as the central star continues to play the role of a gyroscope, despite its very slow rotation.
But, if earlier the gyroscope of the star stabilized the position of the axis of rotation of the entire star system, and the rotation of the satellites of the star was clearly visible due to the huge distances they pass through the orbits around the star; now the gyroscope of the star stabilizes only the axis of rotation of the star itself, which can look like a galactic bar, connecting points of the origination of two galactic arms.
Note that spiral galaxies have only two arms coming from the nucleus. Additional sleeves, if any, are formed as a result of division from the main sleeves. That is, spiral galaxies always have two poles to which the sleeves are attached. Due to the described structure, the movement inside the galaxy is almost undetectable, which increases the impression of the immensity of galaxies and the distances to them.
The loss of rotation of the star is accompanied by the restructuring of the gravitational vortex (GV). GV from the equatorial flat becomes spindly cross-polar. As a transitional phase, galaxies of elliptical structure are formed, when planets and stars (large planets satellites by this time already grown into stars) are rearrange from Equatorial orbits into polar chains and conglomerates. The vortex gradually acquires a flattened form, passing through a period of turbulence.
The ethereal vortex converts into galactic type, that is, it takes the form of a spiral galaxy. And it spreads far in the vicinity of the superstar, not just where it can be seen due to the dust it contains. The vortex again takes a flat form, but this form is different from the original.
In the past, it was a form typical to the young star system, such as the Sun. Two ether-vortexes meeting in the Equatorial plane were sucking the ether out of the spherical volume, forming an ultra-thin plane of the Ecliptic in which planets and satellites have been collected.
The replacement galactic vortex consists of two ether twisters directed to each other by their funnels. They rotate unidirectionally with the star. But at a much greater angular velocity than a slow star. Dust accumulation in the form of a galactic bar is formed by suction of dust and gas into a spindle-shaped vortex located along the axis of rotation of the star.
Thus stellar evolution enters its third phase, where the star remodels the form of associated ethereal vortex.
The Central star, which became the core of the new “galaxy” (nebula) is no longer growing. But the structures surrounding the core, the most prominent of which are the gas-dust sleeves, grow in size.
Planets and stars located inside gas-dust sleeves continue to grow, but their growth is less noticeable than the growth of the sleeves, so the sleeves are much larger than the celestial bodies inside them.
If the stars located in the sleeves of the nebulae grow to the size of superstars, they, in turn, can begin to rebuild their gravitational vortices into the polar (galactic) type. This leads to the budding of the young galaxy from the old one.
There is an abundance of cosmic images illustrating the described scenario at its various stages of development; from the rudimentary daughter vortex inside a mature galaxy, and to the fully formed young galaxy associated with the mother galaxy. There are also more complex systems consisting of several galaxies.
What’s next? Some stars that are in the galactic sleeves, experiencing insufficient ether pressure, due to the intense competition from the surrounding stars, and as a result break up, forming globular clusters within galaxies.
In the process of breakdown, dust and gas decay, as these are the most unstable bodies, due to their small size. Large pieces of superstar more sustainable and evaporate with less intensity. The result is a clean space, free from dust and gas, and occupied only by large spherical fragments.
And superstar (galactic center) is also falling apart. This is confirmed by the existence of nuclear-free galaxies.
For the star itself, this (fourth) stage of evolution is the last, after which the star ceases to exist as a single object.
The scenario of the fourth stage of stellar evolution (the process of superstar decay) will be presented after the section devoted to the structure of matter. Since for its understanding, it is necessary to get acquainted with the concepts of the structure of atoms from the standpoint of the Law of Mechanics. Therefore, the decay phase of the galactic nebula core is not yet considered.
Thus, stellar evolution supplemented by the galactic period in accordance with the Law of Mechanics consists of three sections:
The first phase includes the period of growth of the planet since the acquisition of gravity, in this part, the growth of the planet is accompanied by an increase in the planet’s own rotation and the temperature of its surface until it reaches luminosity (i.e., transformation into a star).
The second section is the period of growth of the star, since the appearance of luminosity, in this area the growth of the star is accompanied by a slowdown in its own rotation, while maintaining the temperature (and, accordingly, the spectrum).
The third section is accompanied by a decrease in the speed of rotation of the star to a critical one, at which the gravitational vortex changes its structure, and the size of the star reaches the limit at which the star turns into a galactic nucleus. The galactic nucleus no longer grows, but only produces the energy and matter scattered around the galactic center.
The main difference between the evolutionary sequence of stars according to the Law of Mechanics is the opposite (in comparison with the Main Sequence) direction of stellar evolution. So according to orthodox science, stars evolve from yellow to red, and according to the Law of Mechanics, on the contrary, from red to yellow.
The third section is not represented in any way in the generally accepted diagrams. Organized science distinguishes galactic nuclei in a special category of objects, related to “black holes”.
Typical Structures Of Galaxies
Let’s try to illustrate what was said on the example of typical nebulae (galaxies), considering them in the order of the probable evolutionary sequence.
Let us repeat the basic definitions. Gravity Vortex (GV) can be of two types:
1) Equatorial, Kepler that is, such that exists around the Sun, the plane of this vortex coincides with the equatorial plane of the star, which in the case of the solar system roughly corresponds to the plane of the Ecliptic. While the star is in the second phase of its evolution, star’s axis of rotation is perpendicular to the plane of the Ecliptic.
2) Galactic gravitational vortex, the plane of this vortex also coincides with the plane of the Ecliptic of the star system. But now it is the former Equatorial plane of the Central star. This plane is preserved due to the fact that there are satellite planets, which have a significant mass and inertia. And thanks to the inertia of the ethereal vortex, which was generated by the star. After the axis of rotation of the star has turned (relative to the Ecliptic) from perpendicular to parallel position, its equatorial vortex (equatorial plane) no longer coincides with the plane of the Ecliptic, but is perpendicular to it.
Ultra Slim Galaxy
For example, images of galaxies NGC4565 and NGC4594 (M104 Sombrero) are provided.
Apparently, these galaxies are superstars that have reached the size at which they produce an increased amount of dust and gas, but have not yet slowed to a critical speed and therefore retained around them the usual gravitational vortex of Kepler type.
It is possible that such nebulae are formed mainly from stars that do not have large satellites, which would contribute to the overturning of the Equatorial gravitational vortex (GV) and its transformation into a spiral with two sleeves.
Elliptical galaxy
Some elliptical galaxies may represent the same hyper thin galaxies, but they are visible from a different angle, allowing us to study them in more detail. For example the galaxy ESO 325-G004, shown in the photo.
As well as hyper thin galaxies, elliptical galaxies are characterized by a small amount of gas and dust, which is quite logical for superstars only entering this period and have not yet developed a noticeable amount of gas and dust. Note the other galaxies and stars that are clearly visible in this picture, behind the galaxy ESO 325-G004 and shining through its structure. It is very curious that this galaxy is attributed to its gigantic size (more than 100,000 light years across) and being at a monstrous distance from us (about 450 million light years), although it is obvious that the stars shining through the gas-dust cloud can not be located far away, which allows us to judge the size of the nucleus of this galaxy, comparing it with neighboring stars in the background.
Speaking about the size of the nucleus, it should be mentioned that the visible dimensions of the nucleus seem larger due to the luminous halo arising from the scattering of light on the gas-dust substance.
Galaxies grow due to increase of gas-dust sleeves and growth of the celestial bodies entering their structure. These growing celestial bodies – planets and stars, also contribute to the gas-dust cloud of galaxies, releasing part of the substance formed as a result of the absorption of ether.
Returning to the subject of the stars in the background. According to organized science, these stars experience a truly miraculous transformation because they are actually globular clusters. Organized science gives stars an admirable ability to sense the boundary between the state of a star and the state of a globular cluster. Moreover, this boundary is determined in relation to the Earth.
Here is a quote from the description of the picture: “Hubble resolves thousands of globular star clusters orbiting ESO 325-G004. Globular clusters are compact groups of hundreds of thousands of stars that are gravitationally bound together. At the galaxy’s distance they appear as pinpoints of light contained within the diffuse halo.”
There is doubt looming about all the other stars around us: how can we be sure that all the other stars are not really globular clusters?
Another type of elliptical galaxy is the dwarf galaxy, which is likely is a type of globular cluster, which will be discussed in the section on star decay. Note that globular clusters consist mainly of stars and contain almost no interstellar gas-dust matter. That is, according to our classification, globular clusters are young formations, or rather newly born formations that began a second life. Although probably more correct to say a new life, as it is unknown how many cycles of growth and decay survived their substance so far.
The following photo demonstrates another elliptical galaxy SDSS J162702.56+432833.9
Here we are mainly interested in the absence of large amounts of gas and dust. Another interesting feature of this galaxy is the apparent chaotic shape, despite its close to elliptical overall shape. It is possible that we have before us a fairly early stage in the process of transformation of an ethereal gravitational vortex of the Kepler type to a gravitational vortex of the galactic type. The later stage of this transition is described in the next section on spiral galaxies. Once again, we emphasize that the determining factor in galactic evolution is the amount of gas-dust matter, the more dust, the older the galaxy. And the age of the galaxy should correspond to its size, all other things being equal.
Spiral Galaxy and the process of its formation
The image of the galaxy NGC 1365 shows the central spindle-shaped vortex, the axis of which lies in the plane of the galaxy, and two spiral vortices attached to the poles of the central vortex. Spiral vortices also rest in the plane of the galaxy.
The superstar located inside the cocoon of the central vortex rotates in the transverse direction to the galaxy plane. Superstar is actually acted as a gyroscope with a fixed position of the axis of rotation in space. This ensures the fixation of the position of the galactic bar in space. From this we can conclude that in front of us is a relatively recently formed spiral galaxy, which has fully completed the transition to a spiral structure and has already managed to accumulate a significant amount of gas-dust matter.
Let’s take a closer look at the process of forming a galaxy from a solar-type star system.
The first figure shows the growth of the star accompanied by a slowdown in the rotation of the star, and the growth of the quantity and size of the planets-satellites of the star.
The first figure shows the growth of the star accompanied by a slowdown in the rotation of the star, and the growth of the quantity and size of the planets-satellites of the star.
The second figure shows the state in which the position of the axis of rotation of the star changes under the influence of the incoming ether flows created by the grown satellites. This process starts after the planets satellites reach a certain critical size, and the crowded arrangement of these planets creates a tipping moment.
The third figure shows the resulting state of the system, in which the axis of rotation of the star already lies in the plane of the galaxy, that is, perpendicular to its original position.
At the same time, the rotation of the star, which now can be called the galactic center or the nucleus of the galaxy, slows down even more, as the rotational acceleration from the equator stops completely. There is only rotational acceleration in the region of the poles, but this acceleration must overcome the deceleration caused by the lack of synchronous rotation of the ether in other areas of the surface of the star. As a result, the rotation of the galactic center may stop altogether, but the surrounding ether will still participate in the vortex motion caused by the absorption of the ether by the galactic center.
Necessary clarification – the central star of the galaxy itself does not directly absorb the ether, but only participates in the process of condensation of the ether. The ether is condensed by the system (structure) consisting of the central star and the surrounding ether vortex. Therefore, the name galactic center is very appropriate for the central star, as it is only part of a more complex structure.
Two circumstances explain the steady state of the galaxy’s arms in the galaxy plane.
The first is the residual action of the GV (Gravitational Vortex), which previously provided retention of all the satellites of the star in the plane of its ecliptic. This fading ethereal vortex defined the initial location of the two new ethereal vortices in its plane.
This influence was of limited duration and ended with the end of the transition period from Kepler-type to galactic-type GV.
The inertial action of the Kepler Vortex also determined the direction of axial rotations of the galactic sleeves and the direction of their spiral bend.
The second reason why the galactic sleeves are in the same plane is their mutual attraction. The mechanism of such attraction is illustrated by the figure.
Opposite directed rotation of the ethereal vortices of the galactic sleeves leads to the development of a reduced ether pressure between the sleeves. Therefore, the sleeves move in the direction of lower pressure. Thus, the sleeves are attracted to each other to form a common plane. After analysing the figure with a schematic representation of the spiral structure, we can see that all the sleeves of the galactic spiral always border on the opposite rotating sleeves, that is, the spiral nebula forms a very dense “package”, which tends to self-compression.
The fading Kepler Ether vortex drags the sleeves into the plane of the Ecliptic, and twists them at the same time. This is a transitional and relatively short-term process. As soon as the Kepler gravity vortex’s reserve of inertia is exhausted, the galaxy is left to itself. Its form is maintained in the form in which it has managed to be, and new formative effects are beginning to play a major role.
These effects, as already mentioned, are mainly determined by two polar etheric vortices belonging to superstar, which lies on its side and rotates very slowly. The gas-dust substance produced by a superstar accumulates in the space surrounding it. This new material forms a kind of atmosphere around the galactic nucleus. The presence of this atmosphere allows us to see the shape of the ether vortices generated by the superstar. As in ordinary planetary atmospheres, the intrinsic pressure of gas-dust matter resists gravity and prevents the fall of matter on the surface of the Central body. This explains the paradox of the movement of clouds of gas and dust in the direction from the galactic center, with the predominant direction of the ether to the absorbing superstar.
In this regard, it is interesting to consider the situation with the galaxy UGC1382, in which the galactic ether vortex is not yet fully visible in the optical range due to the insufficient amount of accumulated gas-dust material.
At left, in optical light, UGC 1382 appears to be a simple elliptical galaxy. But spiral arms emerged when astronomers incorporated ultraviolet and deep optical data (middle). Combining that with a view of low-density hydrogen gas (shown in green at right), scientists discovered that UGC 1382 is gigantic. Credits: NASA/JPL/Caltech/SDSS/NRAO/L. Hagen and M. Seibert. Only photos taken in the ultraviolet spectrum allow us to see the true size of the ethereal vortex formed by the central star of the galaxy. It can be assumed that as a superstar produce the new substance; the ethereal vortex will be filled with gas and dust material further and further, and eventually become available for observation in the visible range.
It is feasible that some irregular or pecular galaxies may represent galaxies at different stages of the transition process from the Kepler-type vortex to the galactic one.
Galaxies with polar rings
Another example in support of our hypothesis about the structure and mechanism of formation of galaxies are so-called galaxies with polar rings. One of these galaxies NGC 4650A is presented in the photo.
For comparison, one of the drawings illustrating our hypothesis is placed nearby. The picture reversed to match the direction of twisting of the arms of the galaxy. The similarity with our scheme is quite obvious. It can be concluded that the galaxy NGC 4650A is at the stage when the rollover of the superstar has already completed, and its axis of rotation coincides with the galactic plane. The superstar maintains a rotation speed sufficient to keep a noticeable equatorial vortex that is filled with gas-dust matter. Apparently, the revolution of the superstar occurred at a relatively early stage, due to a large mass of satellite planets, “successful” combination of orbital positions of which initiated the rollover of the star. The photo really shows numerous planets and their groups. Especially large groups of planets are just in places where begin to form the sleeves of the galaxy. Over time, the central star of the galaxy will slow down its rotation and its equatorial vortex will shrink and change its shape from disk to elliptical / spindle-shaped; most of the gas and dust will be concentrated in the sleeves, which will increase its length and density, and as a result we will have an ordinary spiral galaxy.
In this regard, the galaxy NGC 660 is of interest, which is just at the stage when the axis of rotation of the Central superstar has not yet fully turned to a position parallel to the galactic axis.
Accordingly, the axis of the Equatorial vortex is in a transitional state from a perpendicular position with respect to the galactic vortex to the position coinciding with the galactic vortex. As in the previous case, there is a large number of satellite planets and they are accumulated at places on the galactic plane from where the beginnings of the sleeves can be traced. And there is a lower density of gas-dust matter in the galactic plane compared to the equatorial plane of the galactic nucleus, indicating a greater age of the Equatorial vortex compared to the galactic vortex. Also visible the ring around the galactic center in two places of which the beginnings of the two opposite sleeves already formed.
The Law of Mechanics 